Definition, structure and function of cells and organelles

Definition, structure and function of cells and organelles

TOPICS: PengertianStruktur And Function And Organelles Cells
POSTED BY: NANDASANJAYA FEBRUARY 11, 2016


Definition, structure and function of cells and organelles

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Understanding cell | Cell Structure and Function | The cell organelles | This time belajarbiologi.commenjawab of your questions about the understanding of the cell, how the structure of the cell, how cells function and function of organelles in the cell organelles of cells and many kinds of cells that existed until now. Let's study the cell biology.

Understanding Cell and Cell Theory

What is the cell? In biology, cell material is studied in cell biology is called. Own cells was discovered accidentally by Robert Hooke although by this time he simply observed the dead cells from the tissue of cork. Therefore, he called cella or empty space is then in English called the cell which then absorbed into Indonesian as cells. Can you realize that the word cell, may seem a bad analogy for a living creature's smallest functional. Just imagine, the room is empty, even the room where the arrested criminal is often referred to as a holding cell. Well, but that's the reason, because Robert Hooke only observed an empty cell death and to honor his discovery, so until now researchers have named cells. So what is a cell? Understanding mashyur cells most known is from the duo researchers that Schleiden and Schwann cells are on the theory that a combination of several previous studies by researchers bebeberapa of cells such as Robert Virchow, H.J. Dut Rochet, Max Schultze, Robert Brown, Antony van Leeuwenhoek. There are three theories duo cells of these researchers are:

All living organisms are composed of cells or cells. An important definition of a cell is that it is a unit of protoplasm surrounded by a thin plasma membrane. The protoplasm of all cells Contain a nucleus. The rest of the protoplasm is called cytoplasm or cytosol. The cytoplasm contains many cell organelles. This means that all living things are composed of either a single cell (unicellular) or many (multicellular). Understanding cell main thing is that each cell is a unit of protoplasm enveloped by plasma membrane (thin membrane). Protoplasm in all living cells contain a nucleus or the cell nucleus. Aside from the cell nucleus, cytoplasm contained in the cell or can be called cytosol. In the cytoplasm of cells, there are some cell organelles.
Cell are the functional unit of life. That is, the cells are functional units in living things. Every living creature in this world until now arrayed by the cell or cells so that it can carry out character traits as living beings. Cells in multicellular organisms interact with each other and work together to form tissues and then form organs and so on up into the individual unit of living things. Whereas in single cells, organelles of the cell organelles carry out its functions efficiently and controlled by the cell nucleus (nucleus) in order to carry out the character as living beings (described in more detail later) and every kind of unicellular and not even able to do the kind of communication and interaction
Each Arise cells from pre-existing cells. That is, each cell that has been present there due to the cells forming. The above sentence describes the cells' ability to multiply or divide either sexually or asexually paraseksual. This capability makes the existing cells capable of sustainable. It still supports the theory that modern abiogenesis their protobion before then presenting cells such as cells that you see today. The above statement does not justify the theory of biogenesis, so you do not misunderstand that the three above cell theory states that all cell types have been there before. Not at all, the theory of evolution to justify the above cell and directs the cell to the cell's ability to reproduce themselves. In addition, the third cell theory also explains about the ability of certain cells to perform a fusion or merger as in the egg and sperm to form a zygote, and the ability of the cells to other cells such as diploid cell into four haploid cells in spermatogenesis.
Based on the theory of the cell by Schwann and Schleiden above, it can be concluded that the definition of a cell is

The cell is the functional unit of life that is a constituent of living beings or living beings composed of protoplasm surrounded by a thin membrane and is able to reproduce itself either sexually or otherwise so as to form daughter cells either identical or not.

Based on the understanding of cells above, it is clear that some of the findings today such as viruses and prions his comrades also not a living thing because not fit with the notion of cells above. If the virus is said to be an absolute cell already, the virus is a living creature. So, you do not say "cell virus" Well, enough virus alone.

Various kinds of cells (Brief)

Before more in discussing about the cell, the cell structure and cell organelles, let us know briefly kinds of cells that exist today. Broadly speaking, the cell is divided into two based on the presence or absence of nuclear membrane is a eukaryotic cell (having nuclear membrane) and prokaryotes (does not have a nuclear membrane). This is broadly split all branches of living things that we know today. Starting from archaebakteria, bacteria and eubacteria (all living organisms other than bacteria and archaebacteria).

Furthermore, cells divided more specifically into cells unicellular animals (protozoa), unicellular algae cells, cell fungi (hyphae), plant cells, multicellular animal cells, bacterial cells, cell archaebakteria, and various types of cell differentiation that exists. Overall there are cells that are all adapted to their habitat are and kebutuhakan them to remain stable.

Definition and Structure of Cells

In this article we'll describe 4 + 1 kind of cell structure that exists is the structure of multicellular animal cells, plant cell structure, cell structure unicellular animals (protozoa), the cell structure of bacteria, and the last structure of unicellular algae cells.

Understanding the structure of the cells of multicellular animals

You know what that make up your body? It is animal cells together to form tissues, and organs and organ systems and be human. Understanding animal cells are cells that have the protoplasm and the cell membrane but does not have a cell wall as well as the ability to photosynthesize, besides understanding animal cell is a cell that is heterotrophic organisms and does not have a cell wall.

The structure of animal cells are generally composed of cell membranes and protoplasm. Animal cell protoplasm there is cytoplasm and nucleus of the cell (nucleus) as well as cell nuclei or nukleoulus child. In the cytoplasm of animal cells, there are several organelles such as ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus / Golgi apparatus, centrioles, peroxisomes. Animal cells, such as animal cells described in the above sense, does not have a cell wall but has called the extracellular matrix sheath cells.

The structure of animal cells and organelles organelles animal cells

The structure of animal cells and organelles organelles animal cells
The function of the animal cell organelles mentioned above are described as follows:

Mitochondrial function

Mitochondria function as "energy factories" for animal cells. ATP as an energy animal cells and many other cells. With the mitochondria, a nutrient that has been processed or diglikolisis in the cytoplasm as anarobik process will be entered into the mitochondria as acetyl co-A and then with the help of oxygen will be perfected in the mitochondria. Read more details about this in the article organelles mitochondria and mitochondrial function

Endoplasmic reticulum function

 The endoplasmic reticulum is a strong role in the synthesis of substances or molecules needed by animal cells, especially for cell regeneration and cell growth and development. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum plays an important role in the synthesis of a lipid, or fat, while the rough endoplasmic reticulum (with the help of ribosomes) play a role in protein synthesis. For more jelaskanya about animal cell organelles structure of this one and its functions, please read the article on the endoplasmic reticulum and functions

Function of the Golgi Apparatus / Golgi Apparatus

Cell organelles this one looks like a bearing with a grain of granular vesicles around. Golgi body itself has the functions related to protein synthesis and cooperate with the endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes, besides, as organelles that function in the maintenance of animal cells and other cells (which have) to deliver the required substances using mikrovesikel. Moreover, the process of exocytosis in animal cells occurs in the presence of this Golgi body. For more details about the Golgi body and its functions, please read the article Golgi Agency

The function of lysosomes

Lysosomes are organelles animal cells which have a unique structure that has a single membrane organelles that function as a "cleaner" animal cell cytoplasm. Lysosomal size of about 0.25 um to 0.5 um hydrolytic enzymes in the enzyme-containing organelles her to be able to digest a variety of substances composed of proteins, fats and carbohydrates even phosphate. With the help of lysosomes, animal cells can destroy the substances are difficult to decompose, recycle damaged organelles. For more details, read the article structure and function of lysosomes.

peroxisome function

Peroxisomes are organelles found in all eukaryotic cells. Peroxisomes have a single membrane similar to lisosom.Organel cells containing approximately 50 of these enzymes help in the process of oxidative animal cells. In animal cells, peroxisomes play a role in the reform process fatty acids and cell toxins such as alcohol and H2O2 at the same time by using the enzyme catalase. One important function of peroxisomes for animals is as a catalyst in the first reaction plasmalogen formation needed in the formation of nerve cell myelin.

The function of centrioles

The centrioles are organelles animal cells that play an important role in the process of cell division animals. Through centrioles, yarn division will appear (spindle) that separates the homologous chromosomes so attracted towards the centrioles that has been split as well (at the poles, respectively). Read more clear about the role of centrioles in animal cells mitosis

In addition to the above cell organelles, cytoskeleton still having the structure of the skeleton that keeps the shape of animal cells. Although not as an animal cell organelles (because it is located outside the cytoplasm), animal cells also have flagella that animals play a role in cell motility (movement) of sperm cells in particular instances. In addition, there is also mikrovilis (mikropili).

Definition and structure of plant cells

Drafting a variety of plants that you saw yesterday and today, is composed of cells of plant cells which then form a network of plants. Understanding plant cells are cells that have protoplasm, cell membrane and cell wall composed of cellulose (or hemi-cellulose) and chloroplasts in the cytoplasm so that it can carry out photosynthesis. Understanding plant cells from the other side is a cell that is capable of forming his food and energy with the help of light energy or photoautotrophs with the help of chloroplasts and chlorophyll.

The cell structure of plants ranging from the outside, you can find their cell walls are thick but has little slits where the entry of substances needed, after all, it is their cell membranes. The cell membrane is the same with animal cell membranes, composed of a phospholipid bilayer. Then organelle organelles similar to animal cells will be found in plant cells (except centrioles which only exist in plant cells are motile). In addition, you can see the vacuoles in animal cells and many small but in plant cells generally only amounted to one and a large and located amid the so-called central vacuole. For more details about the structure and function of vacuoles please read the article on vacuoles.

The structure of plant cells and organelles of plant cells

The structure of plant cells and organelles of plant cells
To find out more about the structure of animal cells and plant cell structure, and the difference between these two cells, please read some of the articles below:

Animal cells: Structure and function of cell organelles animals
Plant cells: eukaryotic cells with cell walls
The cell membrane: structure, Authors and nature
Plant cell walls
Organelles and cell membranes
Differences in plant cells and animal cells in a table
Definition and Structure of a bacterial cell

Definition of simple bacterial cells are cells that are in a group prokaryotes. Understanding the bacterial cell is a cell that is walled cell but does not have a nuclear membrane and organelles except ribosomes and other organelles mesosom (organelles while).

Although the structure of the bacterial cell has a cell wall but different cell wall constituent of plant cell. The difference lies in the content of peptidoglycan in the cell wall of bacteria. Differences in the amount of peptidoglycan in the cell wall of bacteria makes it formed two kinds of bacteria are gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.

Bacterial cells have a variety of forms ranging from cocci (round), rods (bacilli) and spiral. One thing you have to emphasize the bacterial cells are, bacterial cells do not have a nuclear membrane so that the cell nucleus dispersed in the cytoplasm. for more details, please read this article Bacteria.

The cell structure Protozoa: Amoeba Proteus

Amoeba Proteus is a unicellular animal cells. Why are categorized as animal cells? Because the amoeba has a characteristic feature of animal cells, namely motility, and cell structure it has. The difference with multicellular animal cell is an organ system that is owned by amoebas performed by organelles organelles that has, so there are differences in cell organelles organelles. For more details about the structure of this unicellular animal cells, please read this article Amoeba Proteus.

So explain the meaning of the cells, the structure and function of organelles as well as many kinds of cells in general. For further be explained about the understanding of the fungal cell and structure. That is all and thank you

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